Peptide-based therapeutics can have high degrees of complexity for impurities that encompass sequence variants (including insertion or deletion) and degradation products, including oxidation, isomerization, and deamidation. A common approach is LC-UV, which is used to monitor impurities for small molecules, but it is unlikely to detect all impurities present. The use of LC-HRMS enables species to be quantified down to 0.1%, including for species that are not baseline-resolved from the main product peak.